Some important gaps in determining NP patient panel size for primary healthcare are identified in this scoping review. These gaps include the lack of validated tools to measure NP activities and workload and the lack of observational studies to determine actual rather than perceived NP practice. A pan-Canadian initiative to develop standardized tools and benchmarks for NP panels in primary healthcare, facilitate annual reviews, and to monitor and document trends in NP practice and workload would accelerate our understanding of best practice models for determining patient panels and optimal models of primary healthcare delivery that include NP roles. Final Report submitted to Health Care Programs & Policy Directorate, Health Canada. May 31, 2013.